The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2025, released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, provides a comprehensive view of India’s labour market for the year 2025. This survey marks a pivotal shift in methodology, covering both rural and urban regions monthly, unlike the previous urban-only quarterly reports.
India’s Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) for all ages is recorded at 44.9%, a slight increase from 44.7% in 2024. This indicates that approximately four in ten Indians are engaged in or seeking employment. The survey highlights a significant gender disparity, especially in urban areas, where women’s participation is notably lower at 22.2% compared to men’s 59.7%.
The youth unemployment rate stands at 9.9%, with urban young women facing a particularly high rate of 18.9%. This reflects ongoing challenges in employment opportunities despite active job seeking. Educated individuals also face higher unemployment rates, with urban areas showing a rate of 7.2% for those with secondary schooling and beyond.
The Worker Population Ratio has increased from 39.7% in 2022 to 43.5% in 2025, indicating more Indians are working. However, the survey underscores persistent challenges, such as the high self-employment rate among rural women, often linked to subsistence activities rather than entrepreneurial ventures. Looking forward, addressing these disparities remains crucial for India’s economic growth.
Published in SouthAsianDesk, May 23, 2026
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